References

African Agricultural Research, Special Program for. 1996. “Directory of Agricultural Research Institutions in Africa (English).” Working Paper 33966. Washington, D.C: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/506361468001142441/Directory-of-agricultural-research-institutions-in-Africa.

Aghabeygi, Mona, Veronika Strauss, Carsten Paul, and Katharina Helming. 2024. “Barriers of Adopting Sustainable Soil Management Practices for Organic and Conventional Farming Systems.” Discover Soil 1 (1): 11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44378-024-00008-1.

Ajayi, M. Tunde, Fatunbi Oluwole, and Yemi Akinbamijo. 2022. Strategies for Scaling Agricultural Technologies in Africa. Bonn: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn.

Ali, Shahzad, Amanullah Jan, Manzoor, Amir Sohail, Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Ijaz Khan, Inamullah, Jiahua Zhang, and Ihsanullah Daur. 2018. “Soil Amendments Strategies to Improve Water-Use Efficiency and Productivity of Maize Under Different Irrigation Conditions.” Agricultural Water Management 210 (November): 88–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.08.009.

Altobelli, Filiberto, Ronald Vargas, Giuseppe Corti, Carmelo Dazzi, Luca Montanarella, Alessandro Monteleone, Lucrezia Caon, et al. 2020. “Improving Soil and Water Conservation and Ecosystem Services by Sustainable Soil Management Practices: From a Global to an Italian Soil Partnership.” Italian Journal of Agronomy 15 (4): 293–98. https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2020.1765.

Asafu-Adjaye, J. 2008. “Factors Affecting the Adoption of Soil Conservation Measures: A Case Study of Fijian Cane Farmers.” Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 33 (1): 99–117. https://jareonline.org/.

AU-FARA. 2024. “Soil Initiative for Africa: Framework Document.” Africa Union. https://archives.faraafrica.org/index.php/s/ysTdTaHbpdzH93r?dir=undefined&openfile=171500.

Belayneh, Mengie. 2023. “Factors Affecting the Adoption and Effectiveness of Soil and Water Conservation Measures Among Small-Holder Rural Farmers: The Case of Gumara Watershed.” Resources, Conservation & Recycling Advances 18 (October): 200159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcradv.2023.200159.

Blanco, Humberto, and Rattan Lal. 2010. Principles of Soil Conservation and Management. 1. softcover print. Dordrecht: Springer.

Borrelli, Pasquale, David A. Robinson, Larissa R. Fleischer, Emanuele Lugato, Cristiano Ballabio, Christine Alewell, Katrin Meusburger, et al. 2017. “An Assessment of the Global Impact of 21st Century Land Use Change on Soil Erosion.” Nature Communications 8 (1): 2013. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02142-7.

Brempong, Mavis Badu, Patricia Amankwaa-Yeboah, Stephen Yeboah, Eric Owusu Danquah, Kennedy Agyeman, Agbesi Kwadzo Keteku, Abigail Addo-Danso, and Joseph Adomako. 2023. “Soil and Water Conservation Measures to Adapt Cropping Systems to Climate Change Facilitated Water Stresses in Africa.” Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 6 (January): 1091665. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.1091665.

Cervigni, Raffaello, and Michael Morris, eds. 2016. Confronting Drought in Africa’s Drylands: Opportunities for Enhancing Resilience. The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0817-3.

Critchley, Will, and Olivia Graham. 1991. Looking After Our Land: Soil and Water Conservation in Dryland Africa. Oxford, UK: Oxfam.

Dangiso, Yisihak, and Kebede Wolka. 2023. “Assessing Sustainable Management Practices of Expert-Introduced Physical Soil and Water Conservation Measures.” Environmental Challenges 13 (December): 100780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2023.100780.

Degfe, Atnafu, Amsalu Tilahun, Yadeta Bekele, Bayu Dume, and Obsu Hirko Diriba. 2023. “Adoption of Soil and Water Conservation Technologies and Its Effects on Soil Properties: Evidences from Southwest Ethiopia.” Heliyon 9 (7): e18332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18332.

Dimkpa, Christian, William Adzawla, Renu Pandey, Williams K. Atakora, Anselme K. Kouame, Martin Jemo, and Prem S. Bindraban. 2023. “Fertilizers for Food and Nutrition Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview of Soil Health Implications.” Frontiers in Soil Science 3 (March): 1123931. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1123931.

Diop, Massamba, Ngonidzashe Chirinda, Adnane Beniaich, Mohamed El Gharous, and Khalil El Mejahed. 2022. “Soil and Water Conservation in Africa: State of Play and Potential Role in Tackling Soil Degradation and Building Soil Health in Agricultural Lands.” Sustainability 14 (20): 13425. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013425.

Drechsel, Pay, Lucy Gyiele, Dagmar Kunze, and Olufunke Cofie. 2001. “Population Density, Soil Nutrient Depletion, and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Ecological Economics 38 (2): 251–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(01)00167-7.

Dumanski, J. 2009. “Emerging Global Trends Provide New Opportunities in Soil and Water Conservation.” Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 64 (1): 11A–14A. https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.64.1.11A.

FAO. 1966. Guide to Sixty Soil and Water Conservation Practices. FAO Soils Bulletin 4. Rome: FAO. https://www.fao.org/4/43749e/43749e.pdf.

FAO. 2017. “Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Soil Management.” FAO. https://www.fao.org/land-water/water/drought/drought-portal/details/en/c/1201146/.

FAO. 2021. The State of the World’s Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture – Systems at Breaking Point (SOLAW 2021). 1st ed. Vol. 1. 1 vols. FAO Soils Bulletin 2. Rome, Italy: FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb7654en.

FAO. 2023. Guide on Digital Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services – Use of Smartphone Applications by Smallholder Farmers. FAO Soils Bulletin. Rome: FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc4022en.

Girija Veni, V., Ch. Srinivasarao, K. Sammi Reddy, K. L. Sharma, and Ashish Rai. 2020. “Soil Health and Climate Change.” In Climate Change and Soil Interactions, 751–67. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818032-7.00026-6.

Greenwood, M. N. 1986. “Extension’s Role in Promoting Soil and Water Conservation.” Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 41 (1): 4.

Haregeweyn, Nigussie, Atsushi Tsunekawa, Mitsuru Tsubo, Ayele Almaw Fenta, Kindiye Ebabu, Matthias Vanmaercke, Pasquale Borrelli, et al. 2023. “Progress and Challenges in Sustainable Land Management Initiatives: A Global Review.” Science of The Total Environment 858 (February): 160027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160027.

Hassani, Amirhossein, Adisa Azapagic, and Nima Shokri. 2021. “Global Predictions of Primary Soil Salinization Under Changing Climate in the 21st Century.” Nature Communications 12 (1): 6663. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26907-3.

Hudson, Norman. 1987. Soil and Water Conservation in Semi-Arid Areas. FAO Soils Bulletin 0253-2050. Rome, Italy: FAO. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/t0321e.

Ihenetu, Stanley Chukwuemeka, Gang Li, Yuanyuan Mo, and Kubwimana Jean Jacques. 2024. “Impacts of Microplastics and Urbanization on Soil Health: An Urgent Concern for Sustainable Development.” Green Analytical Chemistry 8 (March): 100095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.greeac.2024.100095.

Jia, Lang, Wenjuan Wang, Francis Zvomuya, and Hailong He. 2024. “Trends in Soil Science over the Past Three Decades (1992–2022) Based on the Scientometric Analysis of 39 Soil Science Journals.” Agriculture 14 (3): 445. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14030445.

Jones, A, H Breuning-Madsen, M Brossard, A Dampha, J Deckers, O Dewitte, T Gallali, et al. 2013. Soil Atlas of Africa. LU: Publications Office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2788/52319.

Khan, Farieda. 1997. “Soil Wars: The Role of the African National Soil Conservation Association in South Africa, 1953–1959.” Environmental History 2 (4): 439–59. https://doi.org/10.2307/3985608.

Lal, Rattan. 2012. “Climate Change and Soil Degradation Mitigation by Sustainable Management of Soils and Other Natural Resources.” Agricultural Research 1 (3): 199–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-012-0031-9.

Lal, R., and B. A. Stewart. 2019. Soil Degradation and Restoration in Africa. Edited by Rattan Lal and B. A. Stewart. 1st ed. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. Series: Advances in soil science: CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b22321.

Mahajan, Gopal Ramdas, Bappa Das, Sandrasekaran Manivannan, Begur Lakshminarasimha Manjunath, Ram Ratan Verma, Sujeet Desai, Rahul Mukund Kulkarni, et al. 2021. “Soil and Water Conservation Measures Improve Soil Carbon Sequestration and Soil Quality Under Cashews.” International Journal of Sediment Research 36 (2): 190–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2020.07.009.

Mango, Nelson, Clifton Makate, Lulseged Tamene, Powell Mponela, and Gift Ndengu. 2017. “Awareness and Adoption of Land, Soil and Water Conservation Practices in the Chinyanja Triangle, Southern Africa.” International Soil and Water Conservation Research 5 (2): 122–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2017.04.003.

Masha, Mamush, Teshome Yirgu, Mulugeta Debele, and Mengie Belayneh. 2021. “Effectiveness of Community-Based Soil and Water Conservation in Improving Soil Property in Damota Area, Southern Ethiopia.” Edited by Amaresh K. Nayak. Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2021 (April): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5510587.

Mekuria, Wolde, Amare Haileslassie, Anna Tengberg, and Cryton Zazu. 2021. “Stakeholders Interest and Influence and Their Interactions in Managing Natural Resources in Lake Hawassa Catchment, Ethiopia.” Ecosystems and People 17 (1): 87–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2021.1894238.

Montanarella, Luca. 2015. “Agricultural Policy: Govern Our Soils.” Nature 528 (7580): 32–33. https://doi.org/10.1038/528032a.

Montanarella, Luca, Daniel Jon Pennock, Neil McKenzie, Mohamed Badraoui, Victor Chude, Isaurinda Baptista, Tekalign Mamo, et al. 2016. “World’s Soils Are Under Threat.” SOIL 2 (1): 79–82. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-79-2016.

Morgan, R. P. C. 2005. Soil Erosion and Conservation. 3rd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.

Namirembe, S, J. M. Nzyoka, and J. M. Gathenya. 2015. A Guide for Selecting the Right Soil and Water Conservation Practices for Small Holder Farming in Africa. ICRAF Technical Manual 24. Nairobi, Kenya: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). https://www.cifor-icraf.org/publications/downloads/Publications/PDFS/TM17511.pdf.

Negassi, A., E. Bein, K Ghebru, and B Tengnas. 2002. Soil and Water Conservation Manual for Eritrea. Technical Handbook, no. 29. Nairobi: Regional Land Management Unit.

NEPAD. 2003. “Introducing the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP.” Africa Union. http://www.nepad.org/download/file/fid/360.

Nwafor, Christopher Ugochukwu, Abiodun Akintunde Ogundeji, and Ifeoma Chinyelu Nwafor. 2021. “Review of Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services in Sub-Saharan African Countries. Progress with Private Sector Involvement.” Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development 61 (3): 271–82. https://doi.org/10.17306/J.JARD.2021.01413.

Oldeman, L. R. 1992. “Global Extent of Soil Degradation.” In Bi-Annual Report 1991-1992/ISRIC, 19–36. Wageningen: ISRIC. https://edepot.wur.nl/299739.

Omuto, C. T., G. K. Kome, S. J. Ramakhanna, N. M. Muzira, J. A. Ruley, O. J. Jayeoba, V. Raharimanana, et al. 2024. “Trend of Soil Salinization in Africa and Implications for Agro-Chemical Use in Semi-Arid Croplands.” Science of The Total Environment 951 (November): 175503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175503.

Reij, C. 1991. “Indigenous Soil and Water Conservation in Africa.” Sustainable Agriculture Programme of the International Institute for Environment; Development. https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00089559/00001/citation.

Rivera, William M., and M. Kalim Qamar. 2003. Agricultural Extension, Rural Development and the Food Security Challenge. Rome: Food; Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Rotich, Brian, Isaiah Maket, Harison Kipkulei, Caleb Melenya Ocansey, Phenson Nsima Justine, Mohammed Ahmed MohammedZein, Ádám Csorba, and Erika Michéli. 2024. “Determinants of Soil and Water Conservation Practices Adoption by Smallholder Farmers in the Central Highlands of Kenya.” Farming System 2 (2): 100081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2024.100081.

Rozanov, A., and L. Wiese. 2018. “On Soil Scientists and Where to Find Them in Africa: Assessment of Human Capital.” Technical Report. Moscow: Eurasian Center for Food Security. https://envalert.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Africa-report-on-soil-science-human-capital.pdf.

Ruppel, Oliver C. 2022. “Overview of International Soil Law.” Soil Security 6 (March): 100056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2022.100056.

Ryan, John, Paul Smithson, Bernardita Mandac, and Joseph Uponi. 2002. “ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CENTERS’ SOIL LABORATORIES IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT.” Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 33 (15): 3213–25. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120014517.

Saliu, Jamiu Olushola, P. C. Obinne, and Stephen Ingedu Audu. 2009. “Trends in Agricultural Extension Services in Africa: Option for New Approaches.” Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development 1: 071–76. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154991767.

Saljnikov, Elmira, Wilfried Mirschel, Volker Prasuhn, Thomas Keller, Winfried E. H. Blum, Alexander S. Chumbaev, Jianhui Zhang, et al. 2022. “Types of Physical Soil Degradation and Implications for Their Prevention and Monitoring.” In Advances in Understanding Soil Degradation, edited by Elmira Saljnikov, Lothar Mueller, Anton Lavrishchev, and Frank Eulenstein, 43–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85682-3_2.

Savari, Moslem, Masoud Yazdanpanah, and Davoud Rouzaneh. 2022. “Factors Affecting the Implementation of Soil Conservation Practices Among Iranian Farmers.” Scientific Reports 12 (1): 8396. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12541-6.

Shaxson, T. F., and Richard Barber. 2003. Optimizing Soil Moisture for Plant Production: The Significance of Soil Porosity. FAO Soils Bulletin 79. Rome: Food; Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Sims, G. K. 1990. “Biological Degradation of Soil.” In Soil Restoration, edited by Rattan Lal and B. A. Stewart, 17:289–330. New York, NY: Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3322-0_8.

Smith, Pete, and David S. Powlson. 2004. “Sustainability of Soil Management Practices - a Global Perspective.” In Soil Biological Fertility, edited by Lynette K. Abbott and Daniel V. Murphy, 241–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6619-1_12.

Swanson, Burton E., Robert P. Bentz, Andrew J. Sofranko, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, eds. 1997. Improving Agricultural Extension: A Reference Manual. Rome: Food; Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Tan, Z. X., R. Lal, and K. D. Wiebe. 2005. “Global Soil Nutrient Depletion and Yield Reduction.” Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 26 (1): 123–46. https://doi.org/10.1300/J064v26n01_10.

Wang, Jue, and Thomas Aenis. 2019. “Stakeholder Analysis in Support of Sustainable Land Management: Experiences from Southwest China.” Journal of Environmental Management 243 (August): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.007.

Wickama, Juma, Rens Masselink, and Geert Sterk. 2015. “The Effectiveness of Soil Conservation Measures at a Landscape Scale in the West Usambara Highlands, Tanzania.” Geoderma 241-242 (March): 168–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.11.020.

Williams, Hanna, Tino Colombi, and Thomas Keller. 2020. “The Influence of Soil Management on Soil Health: An on-Farm Study in Southern Sweden.” Geoderma 360 (February): 114010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114010.

Willy, Daniel Kyalo, and Karin Holm-Müller. 2013. “Social Influence and Collective Action Effects on Farm Level Soil Conservation Effort in Rural Kenya.” Ecological Economics 90 (June): 94–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.03.008.

Wolka, Kebede, Jan Mulder, and Birhanu Biazin. 2018. “Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Techniques on Crop Yield, Runoff and Soil Loss in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review.” Agricultural Water Management 207 (August): 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.05.016.

Wood, Adrian, ed. 1997. Strategies for Sustainability. Africa. London: Earthscan in association with IUCN.

Wordofa, Muluken G., Eric N. Okoyo, and Eliso Erkalo. 2020. “Factors Influencing Adoption of Improved Structural Soil and Water Conservation Measures in Eastern Ethiopia.” Environmental Systems Research 9 (1): 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-020-00175-4.

Wuepper, David, Pasquale Borrelli, and Robert Finger. 2020. “Countries and the Global Rate of Soil Erosion.” Nature Sustainability 3 (1): 51–55. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0438-4.

Yang, Yonghui, Sensen Zhang, Jicheng Wu, Cuimin Gao, Defu Lu, and Darrell W. S. Tang. 2022. “Effect of Long Term Application of Super Absorbent Polymer on Soil Structure, Soil Enzyme Activity, Photosynthetic Characteristics, Water and Nitrogen Use of Winter Wheat.” Frontiers in Plant Science 13 (December): 998494. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.998494.

Zhang, Hailin, Xiuyun Liu, Jun Yi, Xiufeng Yang, Tieniu Wu, Yi He, He Duan, Muxing Liu, and Pei Tian. 2020. “Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Soil Water from 1934 to 2019.” Water 12 (6): 1631. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061631.