1.3 Financial econometrics packages in R

• There are several packages which are helpful in analyzing financial time-series and support different approaches. The packages required for this course are shown in the following table

TABLE 1.5: R packages usefull for financial econometrics

Package	Description
xts	Provides fast and flexible tools for managing financial time-series data
quantmod	Supports quantitative financial modeling
PerformanceAnalytics	Focuses on performance and risk analysis of financial portfolios
rugarch	Implements univariate GARCH models for volatility forecasting
rmgarch	Extends univariate to multivariate GARCH models
TTR	Provides technical trading rules and non-parametric volatility measures
highfrequency	Analyzes realized measures of volatility and co-volatility by intraday prices
evir	Implements extreme value theory methods for measuring the risk

• Once installed, packages do not need to be reinstalled, but they must be loaded from the library each time you use them in a new session.

• To summarize the results in well-formatted and customizable tables an additional package modelsummary should be installed and loaded from the library. This package supports datasummary() command to visualize descriptive statistics and modelsummary() command to visualize econometric model output.

• New object dt is a data frame with one column. Command datasummary() requires data to be of type data frame. Data frame, in general, may contain multiple columns of different types (numeric, character, factor or integer). Rows and columns of any data frame can be named/renamed, which helps in referencing to specific data in later usage.

• The first argument of command datasummary() is two-sided formula which uses ~ symbol, while last argument fmt controls the number of digits.