C.6 Other symbols and abbreviations used

Symbol or abbreviation Meaning Textbook reference
RQ Research question Chap. 2
\(s\) Sample standard deviation Sect. 11.7.2
\(\sigma\) Population standard deviation Sect. 11.7.2
\(s_d\) Sample standard deviation of differences Sect. 11.7.2
\(\sigma_d\) Population standard deviation of differences Sect. 11.7.2
\(R^2\) R-squared Sect. 16.4.2
\(H_0\) Null hypothesis Sect. 28.2
\(H_1\) Alternative hypothesis Sect. 28.2
CI Confidence interval Chap. 24
s.e. Standard error Def. 19.4
\(n\) Sample size Def. 2.21
\(\chi^2\) The chi-squared test statistic Sect. 31.6.3
\(\pm\) Plus-or-minus (give-or-take) Sect. 22.3